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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography
10:14

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

Published on: May 16, 2014

Indole-3-thio-uronium iodide.

Martin Lutz, Anthony L Spek, Erwin P L van der Geer

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The crystal structure of a novel indole derivative reveals a perpendicular arrangement between the indole and thiouronium groups. Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and C-H⋯π interactions, form a 3D network.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Indole derivatives are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
    • Thiouronium compounds exhibit diverse biological activities.
    • Understanding molecular interactions is key to designing functional materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of a novel indole-thiouronium compound.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.
    • To characterize the three-dimensional network formed in the solid state.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
    • Analysis of dihedral angles and bond distances.
    • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, C-H⋯π).

    More Related Videos

    Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
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    Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

    Published on: September 12, 2018

    From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
    06:44

    From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

    Published on: March 24, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography
    10:14

    Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

    Published on: May 16, 2014

    Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
    09:54

    Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

    Published on: September 12, 2018

    From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
    06:44

    From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

    Published on: March 24, 2018

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(9)H(10)N(3)S(+)·I(-) was determined.
    • A dihedral angle of 89.87(8)° was observed between the indole and thiouronium groups.
    • A three-dimensional network was formed via intermolecular hydrogen bonding and C-H⋯π interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides detailed structural insights into a novel indole-thiouronium salt.
    • The observed perpendicular arrangement influences crystal packing.
    • Intermolecular interactions play a crucial role in constructing the supramolecular architecture.