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Related Concept Videos

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Tris(ethyl-enediamine)zinc(II) dichloride monohydrate.

Lin Cheng, Yan-Yan Sun, Ya-Wen Zhang

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a zinc complex, [Zn(ethylenediamine)(3)]Cl(2)·H(2)O. The structure features a distorted octahedral zinc cation, chloride ions, and water, with observed hydrogen bonding interactions.

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    Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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    Published on: June 8, 2022

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

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    Published on: June 23, 2023

    Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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    Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Coordination chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Zinc complexes play crucial roles in various chemical and biological processes.
    • Understanding the coordination geometry and intermolecular interactions of metal complexes is vital for designing new materials.
    • Ethylenediamine is a common bidentate ligand used in coordination chemistry.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the crystal structure of the zinc complex [Zn(C(2)H(8)N(2))(3)]Cl(2)·H(2)O.
    • To analyze the coordination geometry around the central zinc ion.
    • To investigate the hydrogen bonding network within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to elucidate the crystal structure.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic software.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular interactions was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains a [Zn(ethylenediamine)(3)](2+) cation with a distorted octahedral geometry.
    • Two chloride ions and one water molecule are present in the asymmetric unit.
    • The crystal structure is stabilized by a network of N-H⋯O, N-H⋯Cl, and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of [Zn(ethylenediamine)(3)]Cl(2)·H(2)O has been successfully determined.
    • The distorted octahedral geometry around zinc highlights the influence of the ethylenediamine ligands.
    • The identified hydrogen bonds play a significant role in the overall crystal packing and stability.