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Related Concept Videos

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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Methyl 2,5-dichloro-benzoate.

Tariq Mahmood Babar, Ghulam Qadeer, Nasim Hasan Rama

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The molecular structure of C(8)H(6)Cl(2)O(2) was analyzed. The benzene ring and ester group exhibit a specific dihedral angle, revealing key structural insights.

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    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular geometry is crucial in chemistry.
    • The specific arrangement of functional groups impacts chemical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the precise three-dimensional structure of the title compound, C(8)H(6)Cl(2)O(2).
    • To investigate the spatial relationship between the benzene ring and the ester group.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the molecular structure.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined to atomic resolution.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule C(8)H(6)Cl(2)O(2) was successfully characterized.
    • A dihedral angle of 39.22(3)° was measured between the benzene ring and the ester group, indicating a non-planar arrangement.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides precise structural data for C(8)H(6)Cl(2)O(2).
    • The observed dihedral angle offers insights into potential intermolecular interactions and reactivity.