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Related Concept Videos

Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

Dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Geraldo M de Lima, James L Wardell, William T A Harrison

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of C(20)H(24)O(6), revealing two identical molecules in the asymmetric unit. Weak hydrogen bonds play a role in stabilizing the crystal packing arrangement.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Structure Analysis

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular arrangements in crystals is crucial for material science.
    • The specific compound C(20)H(24)O(6) has potential applications that warrant structural investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine and describe the crystal structure of the title compound, C(20)H(24)O(6).
    • To analyze the molecular symmetry and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to collect diffraction data.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic software.

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains two symmetry-independent molecules of C(20)H(24)O(6).

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  • These molecules exhibit high similarity in bond lengths, angles, and conformation.
  • Weak C-H⋯O interactions were identified as significant in stabilizing the crystal packing.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(20)H(24)O(6) is characterized by the presence of two nearly identical molecules.
    • Intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions are key to the observed crystal packing, providing insights into solid-state behavior.