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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Urea-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (1/1).

Philippe Fernandes, Alastair J Florence, Francesca Fabbiani

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Urea and N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMA) form a 1:1 solvate with a layered structure. Urea molecules create hydrogen-bonded ribbons, with DMA molecules surrounding them, leading to rotational disorder.

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    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

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    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
    09:45

    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
    09:45

    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

    Published on: April 27, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystal engineering
    • Supramolecular chemistry
    • Solid-state chemistry

    Background:

    • Urea is a fundamental molecule in chemistry and biology.
    • N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMA) is a common polar aprotic solvent.
    • Understanding solvent-solute interactions is crucial for chemical processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the co-crystallization behavior of urea with N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMA).
    • To characterize the structural features of the urea-DMA 1:1 solvate.
    • To elucidate the role of DMA as a structure-directing agent in urea-based supramolecular assemblies.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • The study focused on identifying hydrogen bonding patterns and molecular arrangements.
    • Computational methods may be used to further analyze intermolecular interactions (though not explicitly stated in abstract).

    Main Results:

    • A 1:1 solvate of urea and DMA was successfully formed and characterized.
    • The crystal structure reveals molecules positioned on a twofold axis, indicating symmetry.
    • Rotational disorder of the DMA molecule was observed due to its positioning.
    • A layered structure was identified, with urea forming hydrogen-bonded ribbons enclosed by DMA molecules.

    Conclusions:

    • Urea and DMA form a stable 1:1 solvate with a distinct layered structure.
    • The hydrogen bonding network of urea is modulated by the presence of DMA.
    • DMA acts as a capping agent, influencing the overall supramolecular architecture.