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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

7-Nitro-quinazolin-4(3H)-one.

Jian-Ping Yong, Guan-Ping Yu, Jiu-Ming Li

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The crystal structure of C(8)H(5)N(3)O(3) reveals molecules forming dimers via N-H⋯O bonds. These dimers assemble into a 3D network through weaker C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N bonds, and π-π stacking interactions.

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    Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

    Published on: September 27, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Crystal engineering
    • Supramolecular chemistry
    • Organic chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding intermolecular forces is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
    • Hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking are key non-covalent interactions in crystal packing.
    • The title compound, C(8)H(5)N(3)O(3), presents an opportunity to study these interactions in a specific molecular framework.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of C(8)H(5)N(3)O(3).
    • To identify and analyze the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.
    • To understand how these interactions lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure and arrangement.
    • Analysis of hydrogen bonding (N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N) was performed.
    • π-π stacking interactions were investigated, including centroid-centroid distances.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(8)H(5)N(3)O(3) was successfully determined.
    • Molecules self-assemble into centrosymmetric dimers through strong intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
    • These dimers further connect via weaker C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, along with π-π stacking (centroid-centroid distance of 3.678(3) Å), forming an extended three-dimensional network.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of strong and weak intermolecular interactions.
    • The identified hydrogen bonding patterns and π-π stacking interactions dictate the formation of a robust 3D supramolecular architecture.
    • This detailed structural analysis provides insights into the crystal engineering principles applicable to similar organic compounds.