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IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

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Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Mechanism01:14

Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Mechanism

The Wittig reaction, which converts aldehydes or ketones to alkenes using phosphorus ylides, proceeds through a nucleophilic addition‒elimination process.
The reaction begins with the nucleophilic addition between a phosphorus ylide and the carbonyl compound. Due to its carbanionic character, phosphorus ylide acts as a strong nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbonyl group. This generates a charge-separated dipolar intermediate called betaine. The negatively charged oxygen atom and...

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N-(2-Ethyl-phen-yl)phthalimide.

Yen May Fan1, Norzalida Zakaria, Azhar Ariffin

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study describes the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(16)H(13)NO(2). The research details the specific spatial arrangement and bond angles within the molecule, contributing to the field of structural chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Structural Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting chemical properties.
  • Phthalimide derivatives are important in various chemical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the novel compound C(16)H(13)NO(2).
  • To analyze the dihedral angle between the phthalimide and benzene ring systems.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
  • The crystal structure was solved and refined.

Main Results:

  • The title compound C(16)H(13)NO(2) was successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • A dihedral angle of 77.2(1)° was measured between the phthalimide and benzene ring systems.

Conclusions:

  • The determined molecular structure provides fundamental data for C(16)H(13)NO(2).
  • This structural information can guide further research into the compound's reactivity and applications.