Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation.

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...

Lipid Absorption

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...

Lipid Catabolism

Lipid Catabolism

Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bioinformatic Prediction of Activation States in Molecular Network Pathways of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (EIF2) Signaling and Coronavirus Pathogenesis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Adverse Outcome Pathway 298: Increase in Reactive Oxygen Species Leading to Human Treatment-Resistant Gastric Cancer.

Cancers·2026

Same author

Overcoming barriers: nanomedicine-based strategies for nose-to-brain delivery.

Nanoscale·2025

Same author

Polypeptide-based nanocarriers from aqueous ROPISA: Shape-dependent performance in colorectal and breast cancer models.

Biomaterials·2025

Same author

Mechanism of the Stoltz-Grubbs (KO<sup>t</sup>Bu/Et<sub>3</sub>SiH) Silylation: Single-Electron Transfer is the Missing Link between the Heterolytic and Radical Pathways.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Same author

Anthelmintic Potential of Agelasine Alkaloids from the Australian Marine Sponge <i>Agelas axifera</i>.

Marine drugs·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

3α-Azido-5-cholestene.

Todd A Houston, Sabina Quader, Sue E Boyd

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|January 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of a modified amino-glycoside antibiotic was determined. This study reveals insights into hydrophobic modifications and stereochemical inversion crucial for antibiotic development.

More Related Videos

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: November 17, 2011

High-throughput Nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled Cholesterol Efflux Assay

High-throughput Nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled Cholesterol Efflux Assay

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: November 17, 2011

High-throughput Nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled Cholesterol Efflux Assay

High-throughput Nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled Cholesterol Efflux Assay

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Crystallography
Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

Amino-glycoside antibiotics are vital therapeutic agents.
Hydrophobic modifications can enhance antibiotic properties.
Understanding molecular structure is key to drug design.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the crystal structure of a novel hydrophobic amino-glycoside derivative.
To investigate the structural implications of modifications on antibiotic activity.
To elucidate the stereochemical outcomes of synthetic transformations.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Crystallographic structure determination and refinement.
Analysis of molecular geometry and atomic motion.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(27)H(45)N(3) was successfully elucidated.
Disorder in the isopropyl group and high thermal motion in peripheral atoms were observed.
The azide group's axial orientation was confirmed.

Conclusions:

The determined crystal structure provides a detailed molecular model for further drug design.
Observed structural features, like the azide group's disposition, correlate with synthetic reaction outcomes.
This work contributes to the understanding of structure-activity relationships in modified amino-glycoside antibiotics.