Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Substituent-modulated excited-state dynamics and solvent-sensitized nanosecond triplet harvesting in donor-acceptor TADF emitters.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Interfacial impedance engineering in ionic hydrogels for integrated enzymatic and electrophysiological sensing.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same author

Novel 2-Anilinoquinazoline derivatives as apoptosis-inducing agents in drug-resistant NSCLC cells: Integrating biological and computational evaluation.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

A new anilinoquinazoline derivative, F307 induces autophagy and differential apoptosis in wild-type and mutated-epidermal growth factor receptor non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Anti-cancer drugs·2025
Same author

Overcoming EGFR mutation resistance: Dual inhibition strategies using TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer therapy.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Microwave-Assisted Buchwald-Hartwig Double Amination: A Rapid and Promising Approach for the Synthesis of TADF Compounds.

ACS omega·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

N-(2-Hydroxy-phen-yl)-4-nitro-phthalimide.

Shahirah Mansor1, Norzalida Zakaria, Azhar Ariffin

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals that molecules of C(14)H(8)N(2)O(5) form linear chains through hydroxyl-amide hydrogen bonds. The hydroxyl group exhibits disorder across two benzene ring positions.

More Related Videos

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Molecular structure analysis
  • Supramolecular chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding intermolecular interactions is crucial for materials science.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in molecular self-assembly.
  • C(14)H(8)N(2)O(5) is a novel compound with potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of C(14)H(8)N(2)O(5).
  • To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in the self-assembly of this compound.
  • To characterize the disorder of the hydroxyl group within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks and bond distances.
  • Disorder modeling of the hydroxyl group was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(14)H(8)N(2)O(5) was determined.
  • Molecules are linked into linear chains by hydroxyl-amide O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • The hydroxyl group is disordered over two positions on the benzene ring with a 0.57:0.43 ratio.

Conclusions:

  • The hydrogen bonding motif dictates the linear chain assembly of C(14)H(8)N(2)O(5).
  • The observed hydroxyl group disorder provides insights into molecular dynamics within the crystal.
  • This structural information is fundamental for understanding the compound's properties and potential applications.