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Related Concept Videos

Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

α-Lead tellurite from single-crystal data.

Valery E Zavodnik, Sergey A Ivanov, Adam I Stash

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The crystal structure of lead tellurite (PbTeO3) was refined using single-crystal data, revealing distorted polyhedra crucial for cation lone pair activity. This study provides precise geometric parameters for this material.

    Area of Science:

    • Solid State Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Previous studies reported the crystal structure of lead tellurite (PbTeO3) using powder diffraction data.
    • The Czochralski method is a standard technique for growing high-quality single crystals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To refine the crystal structure of PbTeO3 using single-crystal data for improved precision.
    • To investigate the role of distorted polyhedra and cation lone pairs in the structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Single crystal growth using the Czochralski method.
    • Anisotropic refinement of atomic parameters from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.
    • Second harmonic generation (SHG) test to confirm centrosymmetry.

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    Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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    Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

    Published on: May 10, 2021

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    Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
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    Published on: April 14, 2020

    Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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    Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
    07:24

    Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

    Published on: May 10, 2021

    Main Results:

    • A precise crystal structure determination of PbTeO3 at room temperature.
    • Identification of three types of distorted [PbO(x)] polyhedra (x=7, 9).
    • Confirmation of a centrosymmetric (C2/c) structure model via SHG testing.

    Conclusions:

    • The refined structure provides highly precise geometric parameters.
    • Distorted [PbO(x)] polyhedra and TeO3 units dictate the material's structure.
    • These features create tunnels essential for the stereochemical activity of Pb(2+) and Te(4+) lone pairs.