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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
1-Acetyl-3-ferrocenyl-5-(2-nitro-phen-yl)-2-pyrazoline
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a novel iron compound, [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(16)H(14)N(3)O(3))]. Key findings include the near coplanarity of its pyrazoline and cyclopentadienyl rings and specific intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
Area of Science:
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Crystallography
- Supramolecular Chemistry
Background:
- Understanding the structural and bonding characteristics of organometallic compounds is crucial for developing new materials and catalysts.
- The specific arrangement of ligands around a metal center dictates the compound's reactivity and physical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the three-dimensional crystal structure of the title compound, [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(16)H(14)N(3)O(3))].
- To analyze the molecular geometry, including dihedral angles between key ring systems.
- To identify and characterize intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions within the crystal lattice.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the precise atomic arrangement.
- Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into the molecular geometry.
- Intermolecular and intramolecular interactions were identified through hydrogen bond analysis.
Main Results:
- The pyrazoline and substituted cyclopentadienyl rings exhibit near coplanarity (dihedral angle of 8.17(2)°).
- The nitro-substituted benzene ring is significantly twisted relative to the pyrazoline ring (dihedral angle of 70.76(1)°).
- Three intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and one intramolecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond were identified, stabilizing the crystal structure. Methyl group hydrogen atoms show positional disorder.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure of [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(16)H(14)N(3)O(3))] reveals specific conformational preferences and intermolecular interactions.
- The identified hydrogen bonding network plays a significant role in the crystal packing and stability.
- The detailed structural information provides a foundation for further investigations into the compound's properties and potential applications.
Related Concept Videos
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview
In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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