Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chromosome Image Classification Using Edge Fusion Attention Network.

Microscopy research and technique·2025
Same author

Developing a cost-effective tool for choke flow rate prediction in sub-critical oil wells using wellhead data.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

A hybrid deep learning model EfficientNet with GRU for breast cancer detection from histopathology images.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Characterization of Five Oxidative Degradation Impurities and One Process Impurity of Suvorexant Drug Substance by LC-MS/MS, HR-MS and 1D, 2D NMR: Validation of Suvorexant Drug Substance and Process Impurities by HPLC and UPLC.

Journal of chromatographic science·2020
Same author

A Study to Assess The Efficacy of Local Application of Oral Probiotic in Treating Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer and Oral Candidiasis.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India·2019
Same author

Novel, Precise, Accurate Ion-Pairing Method to Determine the Related Substances of the Fondaparinux Sodium Drug Substance: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin.

Scientia pharmaceutica·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

(3S,4R)-4-(4-Fluoro-phen-yl)-3-(hydroxy-meth-yl)piperidinium chloride.

M Nirmala, B R Sreekanth, Peddy Vishweshwar

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study characterizes a degradation impurity of paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate (PAXIL), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. The impurity, a hydrochloride salt, exhibits a chair conformation with specific equatorial group positioning and forms hydrogen-bonded tapes.

    More Related Videos

    Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
    11:44

    Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

    Published on: March 20, 2014

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
    19:58

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
    11:45

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
    11:44

    Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

    Published on: March 20, 2014

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
    19:58

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    • Structural Chemistry
    • Medicinal Chemistry

    Background:

    • Paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate (PAXIL) is a widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant.
    • Drug degradation impurities can impact the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.
    • Understanding the structure of impurities is crucial for quality control and regulatory compliance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the chemical structure and solid-state properties of a specific degradation impurity of paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate.
    • To elucidate the intermolecular interactions and crystal packing of the title compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemical synthesis and isolation of the degradation impurity.
    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Spectroscopic methods for structural confirmation (implied).

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(12)H(17)FNO(+)·Cl(-), was identified as a degradation impurity of paroxetine.
    • The impurity exists as a hydrochloride salt, with protonation on the piperidine ring.
    • The piperidinium ring adopts a chair conformation, with hydroxy-methyl and 4-fluorophenyl groups in equatorial positions.
    • Charge-assisted N(+)-H⋯Cl(-) hydrogen bonds form tapes along the b axis, connected by O-H⋯Cl(-) hydrogen bonds along the a axis.

    Conclusions:

    • The structural elucidation provides critical information about a paroxetine degradation product.
    • The observed hydrogen bonding network explains the crystal packing and stability of the impurity.
    • This characterization aids in the quality control of paroxetine formulations and understanding its degradation pathways.