5,6-Dichloro-2-(3-methoxy-phen-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a novel compound, C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO(3). Its unique inversion twin formation and π-π stacking interactions are key to its molecular arrangement.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Organic Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic compounds is crucial for predicting their properties.
- Crystal twinning and intermolecular interactions significantly influence a material's physical and chemical behavior.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO(3).
- To analyze the crystallographic features, including twinning and intermolecular forces.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of crystallographic data to identify twin domains and non-covalent interactions.
Main Results:
- The compound crystallizes as an inversion twin with a specific ratio of components (0.43:0.57).
- The isoindoline group exhibits planarity, tilted at 77.63° relative to the aromatic substituent.
- Aromatic π-π stacking interactions were identified as the primary stabilizing force, with specific centroid-centroid distances and inter-planar separations.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure of C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO(3) is characterized by inversion twinning and significant π-π stacking.
- These structural features provide insights into the molecular packing and potential properties of this dichloro-isoindoline derivative.
Related Concept Videos
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols
Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement
Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.


