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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Anxiolytic Drugs: Benzodiazepines and Buspirone01:29

Anxiolytic Drugs: Benzodiazepines and Buspirone

Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiolytic drugs known for their rapid efficacy and high therapeutic-to-lethal dose ratio, but with a potential risk of drug dependence. These drugs are lipophilic, allowing for rapid absorption after oral administration, eventually reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, benzodiazepines bind to the allosteric site of the GABAA receptor. This binding enhances the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. By doing so, they prevent...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

N-Benzyl-2-hydroxy-benzamide.

Qiu-Xia Zhang1, Bi-Song Zhang

  • 1College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Jinhua College of Profession and Technology, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321017, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(14)H(13)NO(2). It reveals specific intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding patterns that dictate its one-dimensional chain and sheet-like crystal formations.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in molecular self-assembly and crystal engineering.
  • The specific compound, C(14)H(13)NO(2), presents an interesting case for structural analysis due to its functional groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the organic compound C(14)H(13)NO(2).
  • To identify and characterize intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
  • To describe the resulting supramolecular architecture in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided geometric insights.
  • Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(14)H(13)NO(2) was successfully determined.
  • A significant dihedral angle of 68.81° was observed between the benzyl and 2-hydroxybenzamide units.
  • An intramolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond was identified between the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.
  • Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds formed one-dimensional chains along the a-axis.
  • C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds further linked these chains into a sheet-like structure.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing of C(14)H(13)NO(2) is primarily governed by a combination of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
  • The observed hydrogen bonding network leads to the formation of extended one-dimensional chains and two-dimensional sheets.
  • This structural information provides a foundation for understanding the physical and chemical properties of this compound.