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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines01:12

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
12:06

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

Ammonium diphenyl-phosphinate monohydrate.

Dongyang Li, Juan Chen, Jianping Guo

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ammonium hypophosphite monohydrate forms a layered structure through hydrogen bonding between ion pairs and water molecules. This crystal structure is key to understanding its chemical properties and potential applications.

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    Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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    Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

    Published on: May 18, 2018

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
    08:46

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

    Published on: November 22, 2016

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    Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
    12:06

    Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

    Published on: October 19, 2017

    Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
    08:21

    Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

    Published on: May 18, 2018

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
    08:46

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

    Published on: November 22, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystal chemistry
    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Hydrogen bonding

    Background:

    • Understanding the structural characteristics of ammonium hypophosphite monohydrate is essential for predicting its chemical behavior.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the assembly of crystal structures, influencing material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of ammonium hypophosphite monohydrate.
    • To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in the formation of the observed layer structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds, was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of ammonium hypophosphite monohydrate (NH(4)(+)·C(12)H(10)O(2)P(-)·H(2)O) was successfully determined.
    • A distinct layer structure was identified, formed by the interaction of the ammonium ion, hypophosphite anion, and water molecule via hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The hydrogen bonding network dictates the formation of a layered supramolecular architecture in ammonium hypophosphite monohydrate.
    • The elucidated structure provides fundamental insights into the solid-state chemistry of this compound.