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Related Concept Videos

Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation01:01

Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation

Benzaldehyde, like formaldehyde, lacks an α hydrogen and cannot enolize to form an enolate. Hence, the reaction of benzaldehyde with a ketone in the presence of an aqueous base forms a single crossed product. This reaction is referred to as Claisen–Schmidt condensation.
As the self-condensation of ketones is generally not favored in basic conditions, the self-condensed products do not form in the reaction between ketones and benzaldehyde. The general reaction of Claisen–Schmidt condensation is...
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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Published on: January 19, 2016

3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde.

Ying Fan, Wei You, Jian-Lan Liu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reveals the layered crystal structure of C(7)H(4)Cl(2)O(2), highlighting molecular connections via hydrogen bonds. These bonds include both intermolecular and intramolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Molecular structure

    Background:

    • Understanding the intermolecular forces governing crystal packing is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in stabilizing molecular arrangements in solids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(7)H(4)Cl(2)O(2).
    • To identify and characterize the types of hydrogen bonding present within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional crystal structure.
    • Analysis of hydrogen bond distances and angles to confirm their presence and nature.

    Main Results:

    • The compound C(7)H(4)Cl(2)O(2) adopts a layered crystal structure.
    • Molecules are interconnected within layers by weak C-H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
    • An intramolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond was also identified within each molecule.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
    • The layered arrangement suggests potential anisotropic properties.
    • Detailed structural information provides a basis for further studies on related compounds.