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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

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4'-Hydroxy-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid.

Sun Feng1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the crystal structure of a C(13)H(10)O(3) compound, highlighting its hydrogen bonding patterns and disordered benzene ring. These findings are crucial for understanding molecular interactions and crystal engineering.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding intermolecular forces is key to predicting and controlling crystal structures.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a critical role in the self-assembly of molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(13)H(10)O(3).
  • To investigate the hydrogen bonding interactions and their role in crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks using graph-set notation.

Main Results:

  • The compound forms hydrogen-bonded dimers via carboxylate groups, described by the R(2)(2)(8) graph-set motif.

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  • A secondary hydrogen bonding interaction between hydroxyl groups creates chains, extending into a lamellar structure.
  • Disorder in one of the benzene rings was observed with an occupancy ratio of 0.57:0.43.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
    • The observed disorder provides insights into molecular flexibility within the crystal lattice.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of crystal engineering principles for organic molecules.