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Related Concept Videos

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

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1,2-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-yl-idene)hydrazine.

Hong-Ai Li, Chang Su, Bao Li

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
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    This study details the crystal structure of a novel molecule, C(6)H(4)N(2)S(4). Its planar structure and unique intermolecular sulfur-sulfur contacts are key findings, offering insights into molecular arrangement and potential interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Molecular Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the precise three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and potential applications.
    • The study of novel heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen can lead to new materials with unique electronic or structural characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title molecule, C(6)H(4)N(2)S(4).
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including planarity and symmetry.
    • To investigate intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice, specifically sulfur-sulfur contacts.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of crystallographic data to identify symmetry elements and bond parameters.
    • Measurement and analysis of intermolecular distances, particularly S⋯S contacts.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule C(6)H(4)N(2)S(4) possesses a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry at the midpoint of the N-N single bond.
    • The molecule is nearly planar, with a small dihedral angle of 0.17° between the two five-membered rings.
    • Short intermolecular S⋯S contacts of 3.549 Å were observed in the crystal packing.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(6)H(4)N(2)S(4) reveals a highly symmetric and planar molecular conformation.
    • The presence of short intermolecular S⋯S contacts suggests potential for unique solid-state interactions and packing motifs.
    • These findings provide a foundation for further research into the chemical and physical properties of this class of sulfur-nitrogen heterocycles.