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Related Experiment Videos

Human immunodeficiency virus exanthem.

H J Hulsebosch1, F A Claessen, C J van Ginkel

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Acute HIV infection can present as a rash. In three cases, an HIV exanthem appeared before HIV antibodies were detectable, but HIV antigen (p24 core antigen) was present.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exanthem is a recognized manifestation of primary HIV infection.
  • Cutaneous eruptions can be the initial clinical sign of acute retroviral syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe three cases where an exanthematous skin eruption was the primary presentation of acute HIV infection.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of HIV antigen testing in early HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Case series reporting on three patients with symptoms suggestive of acute HIV infection.
  • Clinical presentation, including skin examination, was documented.
  • Laboratory testing included HIV antibody assays and HIV p24 core antigen detection.

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Main Results:

  • All three patients presented with a diffuse, exanthematous skin rash.
  • HIV antibody tests were negative in all cases at the time of presentation.
  • HIV antigen (p24 core antigen) was detected in all three patients, confirming acute HIV infection.

Conclusions:

  • An HIV exanthem can be the sole initial manifestation of acute HIV infection.
  • Negative HIV antibody tests should not exclude the diagnosis of acute HIV infection, especially when clinical suspicion is high.
  • Detection of HIV p24 antigen is a valuable tool for diagnosing acute HIV infection when antibodies are not yet present.