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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

Published on: October 24, 2017

9-Ethyl-3,6-diformyl-9H-carbazole.

Jun Jie Wang, Xian Zhang, Bao Qin Zhang

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|January 5, 2011

Summary

The crystal structure of a new compound, C(16)H(13)NO(2), was determined. This research is part of developing novel materials for two-photon absorption applications.

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Crystallography
Materials Science

Background:

Developing novel organic compounds is crucial for advanced optical applications.
Two-photon absorption (TPA) materials are of interest for applications like 3D microfabrication and optical data storage.
Carbazole derivatives are known for their interesting photophysical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the crystal structure of a newly synthesized compound, C(16)H(13)NO(2).
To investigate the structural features relevant to potential two-photon absorption properties.
To contribute to the development of new TPA materials.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
The structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic methods.

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Published on: June 20, 2014

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

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Disordered structural features were modeled using a split-site approach.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(16)H(13)NO(2) was successfully elucidated.
Both aldehyde groups were found to be positioned within the carbazole plane.
One aldehyde group exhibited disorder, requiring refinement with site-occupation factors of 0.5.

Conclusions:

The determined structure provides a foundation for understanding the structure-property relationships in this class of compounds.
The findings contribute to the ongoing synthesis of novel organic materials for two-photon absorption.
Further studies can explore the photophysical properties of this compound and its derivatives.