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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[¹⁸F]fluorobenzoate ([¹⁸F]SFB)

Published on: June 28, 2011

N,N'-Dimeth-oxy-N,N'-dimethyl-succinamide.

¹Medical College of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|January 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel Weinreb amide, C(8)H(16)N(2)O(4), a versatile intermediate for synthesizing ketones and aldehydes. Its symmetrical molecular structure is a key characteristic.

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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

Weinreb amides are crucial synthetic intermediates.
The preparation of ketones and aldehydes often requires specific precursors.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel Weinreb amide compound, C(8)H(16)N(2)O(4).
To highlight its utility as an intermediate in organic synthesis.

Main Methods:

Characterization of the compound C(8)H(16)N(2)O(4).
Evaluation of its reactivity in the synthesis of carbonyl compounds.

Main Results:

The compound was identified as a Weinreb amide.
Its potential for preparing ketones and aldehydes was confirmed.
The molecule exhibits a center of symmetry.

Conclusions:

The novel Weinreb amide is a valuable building block for organic synthesis.
Its symmetrical nature may influence its reactivity and applications.