Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO₂ Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Predicting the viability of pharmaceutical formulations for continuous direct compression using machine learning approaches.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same author

Low-molecular weight organogel matrices as crystallisation media for active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026

Same author

Process optimization in pharmaceutical hot-melt extrusion: real-time volatile detection via SIFT-MS combined with multivariate analysis.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same author

Quality by digital design in action: a workflow for crystallisation and isolation.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025

Same author

A good-practice guide to solving and refining molecular organic crystal structures from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2025

Same author

Cyclodextrin-mediated Enhancement of Haloperidol Solubility: Physicochemical Studies and In Vivo Investigation Using Planaria Worms.

Pharmaceutical research·2025

Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

Cytenamide-1,4-dioxane (2/1).

Andrea Johnston, Alastair J Florence, Francesca J A Fabbiani

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|January 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure reveals that cytenamide molecules form hydrogen-bonded dimers. A dioxane solvent molecule bridges these dimers through specific hydrogen bonds, influencing crystal packing.

More Related Videos

Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation

Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation

Published on: January 26, 2016

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation

Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation

Published on: January 26, 2016

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Supramolecular Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Understanding the crystal packing of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their physical properties.
Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly and structural organization of molecules in the solid state.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepta-triene-5-carboxamide in a 1:4 dioxane solvate.
To analyze the intermolecular interactions, particularly hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks and crystal packing was performed using crystallographic software.

Main Results:

The crystal structure consists of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepta-triene-5-carboxamide and 1,4-dioxane in a 2:1 molar ratio.
Cytenamide molecules form a characteristic hydrogen-bonded R(2)(2)(8) dimer.
The dioxane solvent molecule is positioned between adjacent cytenamide dimers, forming N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with both.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure provides detailed insights into the supramolecular assembly of cytenamide driven by hydrogen bonding.
The role of the dioxane solvent in mediating intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice has been clarified.