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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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Published on: November 23, 2016

4-(2-Benzoyl-ethyl)benzoic acid.

Roger A Lalancette1, Hugh W Thompson

  • 1Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the molecular conformation and dimerization of a C(16)H(14)O(3) compound. It forms hydrogen-bonded dimers through carboxyl pairing, influencing crystal packing via C-H⋯O interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding molecular conformation is crucial for predicting chemical properties.
  • Dimerization and intermolecular interactions dictate crystal packing and material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the three-dimensional molecular structure of the title compound (C(16)H(14)O(3)).
  • To investigate the dimerization behavior and intermolecular interactions in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, angles, and intermolecular contacts.

Main Results:

  • The compound exhibits a conformation where functional groups are nearly coplanar with adjacent rings.

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  • A significant dihedral angle of 78.51° exists between the two aromatic rings.
  • Centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded carboxyl pairing was observed, with O⋯O distance of 2.6218 Å and O-H⋯O angle of 176°.
  • Two intermolecular C-H⋯O contacts involving the ketone group were identified in the crystal packing.
  • Conclusions:

    • The study provides detailed insights into the solid-state structure of the C(16)H(14)O(3) compound.
    • Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play key roles in the observed crystal packing.
    • The conformational preferences and dimerization behavior are critical for understanding its supramolecular assembly.