Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π&VeryThinSpace;→&VeryThinSpace;π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –&NoBreak;NH2, –OCH3

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH₃, –OH, –⁠NH₂, –OCH₃

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A two-pronged strategy eliminates dissociation artifacts for high-fidelity neuroimmune single-cell transcriptomics.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Differential effects of antibiotic exposure on gut microbiota homeostasis and functional dynamics in a stable real-time simulated intestinal system.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026

Same author

Rapid Far-Infrared Radiation and Physiotherapeutic Effects of Carbon Nanotube Flexible Thin-Film Heaters.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Kiwifruit genomics and applications: recent advances, current challenges, and future prospects.

Horticulture research·2026

Same author

DDA-BERT: end-to-end training for data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

A novel TaqMan probe-based qPCR method for rapid detection of the bacteria-associated amoeba <i>Heterostelium pallidum</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

2-(4-Methoxy-phen-yl)-1H-indene.

Pu Liu¹, Zhen Liu, Xiao-Wei Wang

¹Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|January 5, 2011

Summary

The title compound, C(16)H(14)O, exhibits near planarity with minimal deviation. This molecular structure is influenced by p-π conjugation, leading to distinct single bond lengths around the oxygen atom.

More Related Videos

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Molecular structure analysis
Organic chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular geometry is crucial in chemistry.
p-π conjugation significantly impacts electronic distribution and bond characteristics in organic molecules.
The specific compound C(16)H(14)O's structural and electronic properties warrant detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the precise molecular structure of the title compound, C(16)H(14)O.
To investigate the influence of p-π conjugation on bond lengths within the molecule.
To analyze the planarity and electronic distribution of the C(16)H(14)O molecule.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the molecular structure.
The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) deviation was calculated to quantify planarity.
Bond lengths and angles were measured to assess electronic effects.

Main Results:

The C(16)H(14)O molecule, excluding four hydrogen atoms, is nearly planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0801(2) Å.
Significant differences were observed in the lengths of the two single bonds attached to the oxygen atom.
Evidence of p-π conjugation was identified, correlating with the observed bond length variations.

Conclusions:

The title compound C(16)H(14)O possesses a near-planar structure.
p-π conjugation is a key factor in dictating the asymmetry of bond lengths around the oxygen atom.
The findings provide insights into the structural and electronic properties of this organic molecule.