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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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Published on: October 30, 2018

4'-Formyl-benzo-15-crown-5.

Conrad Fischer, Stefanie F Helas, Wilhelm Seichter

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |January 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the twisted conformation of a 15-crown-5 ring within a specific organic compound. Crystal packing analysis reveals stabilization through C-H⋯O interactions involving the formyl group and ether oxygens.

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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers known for their ability to bind cations.
    • The specific compound investigated is 17-formyl-2,5,8,11,14-penta-oxabicyclo-[13.4.0]nona-deca-15,17,19-triene, a derivative of 15-crown-5.
    • Understanding the conformational preferences and intermolecular interactions of crown ethers is crucial for designing host-guest systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the title compound.
    • To investigate the conformational behavior of the 15-crown-5 ring in the solid state.
    • To identify and analyze the non-covalent interactions governing crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure.
    • Conformational analysis was performed on the determined crystal structure.
    • Intermolecular interactions, specifically C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • The 15-crown-5 ring adopts a twisted conformation in the crystal lattice.
    • The formyl group is observed to be coplanar with the attached benzene ring.
    • Crystal packing is significantly influenced by C-H⋯O interactions, with ether oxygen atoms acting as acceptors and methylene groups as donors.

    Conclusions:

    • The twisted conformation of the 15-crown-5 ring is a key structural feature in this compound.
    • The identified C-H⋯O interactions play a vital role in stabilizing the crystal structure.
    • This detailed structural insight contributes to the understanding of crown ether conformation and self-assembly in organic solids.