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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Published on: March 13, 2026

Distal radius osteotomy with volar locking plates based on computer simulation.

Junichi Miyake¹, Tsuyoshi Murase, Hisao Moritomo

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research

|January 5, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a novel 3D computer-aided technique for correcting distal radius malunions, improving wrist function and reducing pain. The method offers precise and easier surgical correction for distal radius malunions.

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Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Published on: March 13, 2026

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomedical engineering
Radiology

Background:

Traditional corrective osteotomy for distal radius malunions involves dorsal plates and bone grafts.
This established method is technically demanding and associated with frequent residual deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the clinical applicability of a 3D computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique with volar locking plates for treating distal radius malunions.

Main Methods:

Ten patients with metaphyseal radius malunions underwent corrective osteotomy.
3D bone models from CT data were used for virtual simulation and predrilling of screw holes.
A custom surgical template facilitated accurate screw placement, enabling automatic reduction of the distal radial fragment after osteotomy and fixation with a volar locking plate, followed by bone grafting.

Main Results:

Significant improvements were observed in median volar tilt (from -20° to 12°), radial inclination (from 13° to 24°), and ulnar variance (from 6 mm to 1 mm).
Median wrist flexion improved from 33° to 60°, while extension remained stable at 65°.
Pre-existing wrist pain in all patients resolved or diminished post-surgery.

Conclusions:

The 3D CAD/CAM technique with volar locking plates provides a precise and straightforward surgical option for distal radius malunions.
This advanced approach represents a new treatment alternative for patients with malunion of distal radius fractures.