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A survey for a trypanocidal factor in primate sera.

J R Seed1, J B Sechelski, M R Loomis

  • 1Department of Parasitology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514.

The Journal of Protozoology
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Certain primates possess a trypanocidal factor in their serum that combats Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. This factor, found in high-density lipoprotein, appears linked to evolutionary pressures in tsetse-prone African environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Primate Biology

Background:

  • Trypanosomiasis is a significant disease affecting humans and animals.
  • The presence of naturally occurring trypanocidal factors in primate sera is not fully understood.
  • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is a causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of a trypanocidal factor against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in primate sera.
  • To characterize the nature and evolutionary implications of this trypanocidal factor.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of sera from 21 primate species for trypanocidal activity.
  • Fractionation of sera to identify the component responsible for the activity.
  • Analysis of antigenic cross-reactivity between different primate factors.

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Main Results:

  • A trypanocidal factor was detected in human, gorilla, baboon (2 species), and mandrill sera.
  • The factor resides in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and exhibits similar biological actions across species.
  • Human and gorilla factors share antigenic epitopes, distinct from baboon and mandrill factors.
  • No correlation was found between factor presence and phylogenetic position or diet.
  • The factor is predominantly found in African ground-dwelling primates inhabiting tsetse-endemic areas.

Conclusions:

  • The trypanocidal factor likely plays a role in primate resistance to Trypanosoma brucei.
  • Its presence suggests an evolutionary adaptation driven by selective pressure from African trypanosomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and evolutionary history of this factor.