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Fatty acid biosynthesis in actinomycetes.

Gabriela Gago¹, Lautaro Diacovich, Ana Arabolaza

¹Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

|January 6, 2011

Summary

This review details fatty acid synthase (FAS) systems in Actinobacteria. It explores the diverse genome organization, biochemical traits, and physiological roles of FAS I and FAS II systems, focusing on acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCases) and potential antimycobacterial inhibitors.

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Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Microbiology

Background:

Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs via cyclical reactions, differing between organisms.
Mammals utilize a single multifunctional Type I fatty acid synthase (FAS), while bacteria and plants use a Type II system with discrete enzymes.
Actinobacteria exhibit diverse FAS systems: Mycobacterium has both, Streptomyces has Type II, and Corynebacterium has Type I.

Purpose of the Study:

To review genome organization, biochemical properties, and physiological relevance of FAS I and FAS II systems in Actinobacteria.
To detail biochemical and structural properties of acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCases) in actinomycetes.
To discuss ACCase substrate specificity and identify novel antimycobacterial inhibitors.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomics analysis of FAS systems in Actinobacteria.
Biochemical characterization of fatty acid synthases and acyl-CoA carboxylases.
Structural biology studies of ACCases.
In silico identification of potential ACCase inhibitors.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of FAS system diversity within Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, and Corynebacterium genera.
Elucidation of biochemical and structural features of actinobacterial ACCases.
Identification of molecular determinants for ACCase substrate specificity.
Discovery of potential new ACCase inhibitors with antimycobacterial activity.

Conclusions:

Fatty acid biosynthesis pathways are highly diverse in Actinobacteria, with implications for their physiology.
Acyl-CoA carboxylases are key targets for understanding and manipulating fatty acid synthesis in these bacteria.
Structural insights into ACCases facilitate the development of novel antimycobacterial agents.