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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Spondyloarthritides: evolving therapies.

Andrew Barr1, Andrew Keat

  • 1Rheumatology Department, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK. barrandrew@aol.com

Arthritis Research & Therapy
|January 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade therapy significantly improves symptoms in severe ankylosing spondylitis. Further research is needed on disease modification, cost-effectiveness, and early-stage treatment, especially for pre-radiographic disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and immunology.
  • Biologic therapies and their clinical applications.
  • Spondyloarthropathies and inflammatory spinal diseases.

Background:

  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade has transformed the management of severe ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and peripheral spondyloarthropathies.
  • Biologic treatments demonstrably enhance symptom control and quality of life in patients with spinal inflammatory conditions.
  • Existing guidelines address biologic treatment for AS and psoriatic arthritis, yet gaps remain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of TNF blockade in spondyloarthropathies, particularly severe ankylosing spondylitis.
  • To identify unresolved issues concerning skeletal disease modification and the cost-effectiveness of biologic therapies.
  • To examine the current status and future directions of biologic treatment for ankylosing spondylitis, including early and pre-radiographic stages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on TNF blockade and other biologic agents for spondyloarthropathies.
  • Analysis of the benefits and limitations of biologic therapies in managing ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.
  • Discussion of emerging biologic agents and their potential advantages over existing TNF blockers.

Main Results:

  • TNF blockade has revolutionized the treatment of severe ankylosing spondylitis, improving patient symptoms and quality of life.
  • Significant consensus exists on guidelines for biologic treatment in North America and Europe.
  • Key challenges include assessing skeletal disease modification, cost-effectiveness, and the optimal use of biologics in early or pre-radiographic ankylosing spondylitis.

Conclusions:

  • Biologic therapy, particularly TNF blockade, offers substantial benefits for patients with severe ankylosing spondylitis.
  • Further investigation is required to address disease modification, cost-effectiveness, and treatment strategies for early-stage and pre-radiographic ankylosing spondylitis.
  • While new biologics are emerging, demonstrating superiority over established TNF blockers remains a significant hurdle.