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Related Concept Videos

Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
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Published on: May 5, 2023

Environment-responsive transcription factors bind subtelomeric elements and regulate gene silencing.

Jennifer J Smith1, Leslie R Miller, Richard Kreisberg

  • 1Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.

Molecular Systems Biology
|January 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Several yeast transcription factors regulate subtelomeric silencing, a key epigenetic process, by interacting with specific DNA elements. This reveals how cells coordinate gene silencing with environmental cues and cellular functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Subtelomeric chromatin undergoes conserved epigenetic regulation, influencing heterochromatin formation, stress responses, and lifespan.
  • Subtelomeric DNA features repeat segments crucial for propagating silencing and protecting chromosomal regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of yeast transcription factors in regulating subtelomeric silencing.
  • To understand how environmental stimuli modulate subtelomeric epigenetic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis.
  • Gene expression data analysis.
  • Analysis of transcription factor association with subtelomeric regions (X elements).

Main Results:

  • Several transcription factors (Oaf1p, Rox1p, Gzf1p, Phd1p) regulate silencing propagation towards centromeres in response to metabolic and stress stimuli.
  • Other factors (Adr1p, Yap5p, Msn4p) influence silencing boundaries in Y' elements, affecting telomere-proximal genes.
  • Identified transcription factors show dual functionality, regulating both subtelomeric and intrachromosomal genes.

Conclusions:

  • This study elucidates a mechanism coordinating subtelomeric silencing with environmental conditions and cellular processes.
  • Yeast transcription factors play a critical role in dynamic subtelomeric epigenetic regulation.
  • The findings provide insights into the interplay between gene silencing, environmental sensing, and cellular function.