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Related Concept Videos

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...

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Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

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Published on: January 31, 2022

Sitagliptin-induced hemolysis.

Ragini Bekur1, M V Nagaraja, K N Shivashankara

  • 1Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology
|January 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sitagliptin, a common type 2 diabetes medication, can rarely cause hemolysis, a serious condition where red blood cells are destroyed. Physicians should monitor patients for this rare adverse drug reaction.

Keywords:
Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitorhemolysissitagliptin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sitagliptin is an oral hypoglycemic agent belonging to the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor class.
  • It is recognized for its efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus with advantages such as a low risk of hypoglycemia and minimal weight gain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of sitagliptin-induced hemolysis.
  • To raise awareness among physicians about this potential adverse drug reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing a patient experiencing hemolysis while on sitagliptin therapy.

Main Results:

  • A rare instance of hemolysis was identified as a side effect of sitagliptin treatment.
  • This adverse reaction has not been previously documented in existing literature.

Conclusions:

  • Sitagliptin, despite its benefits, carries a risk of inducing hemolysis, a rare but serious adverse effect.
  • Healthcare providers should be vigilant for this potential complication in patients treated with sitagliptin for type 2 diabetes.