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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

281
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
281
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

261
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
261
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

717
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
717
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

268
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
268
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

232
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
232
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

242
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
242

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[Gastroenterological problems in the elderly].

J J Gonvers1

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Schweizerische Rundschau Fur Medizin Praxis = Revue Suisse De Medecine Praxis
|August 28, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastroenterological issues in the elderly are common and require careful recognition. Early diagnosis of conditions like gastric ulcers and mesenteric infarction is crucial to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Geriatrics
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in elderly patients.
  • Challenges in diagnosing atypical presentations of esophageal and gastric conditions.
  • High morbidity and mortality associated with acute abdominal emergencies in older adults.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing diverse gastroenterological problems in the elderly.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical symptoms in geriatric patients.
  • To discuss the clinical aspects and prognoses of various gastrointestinal diseases prevalent in older individuals.

Summary:

  • Esophageal reflux and motility disorders can present with vague symptoms.
  • Unrecognized gastric ulcers carry high mortality due to hemorrhage or perforation.
  • Mesenteric infarction has a serious prognosis, while ischemic colitis has a better outlook due to collateral circulation.
  • Diverticular disease affects 30% of individuals over 60, with potential complications.
  • Constipation and fecal impaction are common in those over 65, often presenting with non-specific symptoms.

Impact:

  • Improved clinical recognition of geriatric gastroenterological diseases.
  • Potential for earlier diagnosis and intervention, reducing complications and mortality.
  • Enhanced understanding of the specific challenges in managing gastrointestinal conditions in the elderly population.