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Modulation of chicken macrophage effector function by T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokines
Haiqi He1, Kenneth J Genovese, Michael H Kogut
1Southern Plain Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States. haiqi.he@ars.usda.gov
Cytokine
|January 7, 2011
Summary
Chicken T(H)1 cytokine IFN-γ and T(H)2 cytokine IL-4 regulate macrophage function by influencing nitric oxide and oxidative burst activity. These cytokines are crucial for maintaining immune balance in avian species.
Area of Science:
- Avian immunology
- Cellular immunology
- Cytokine signaling
Background:
- Macrophage activity is regulated by T helper 1 (T(H)1) and T helper 2 (T(H)2) cytokines, crucial for immune balance.
- Limited information exists on T(H)1/2 cytokine regulation of macrophage activity in avian species.
- Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) are key T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines, respectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the regulatory effects of chicken T(H)1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-18) and T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) on the HD11 macrophage cell line.
- To understand how these cytokines modulate nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and oxidative burst activity in chicken macrophages.
- To assess the impact of these cytokines on macrophage phagocytosis and bacterial killing.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the chicken macrophage cell line HD11.
- Treated HD11 cells with chicken IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10.
- Stimulated cells with microbial agonists including lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, CpG-ODN, and poly I:C.
- Measured nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative burst activity.
- Assessed phagocytosis and bacterial killing capacity.
Main Results:
- Chicken IFN-γ stimulated NO synthesis and primed macrophages for enhanced NO production in response to microbial agonists.
- Chicken IL-4 showed bi-directional activity: activating NO synthesis in the absence of agonists but inhibiting it in their presence.
- Both IFN-γ and IL-4 enhanced oxidative burst activity when cells were exposed to Salmonella enteritidis.
- IL-18 and IL-10 had no significant effect on NO production or oxidative burst.
- Phagocytosis and bacterial killing were not affected by any of the tested cytokines.
- Salmonella enteritidis infection abolished NO production, irrespective of IFN-γ treatment.
Conclusions:
- Chicken IFN-γ and IL-4 are significant T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines, respectively, that play key roles in regulating macrophage functions in chickens.
- These cytokines modulate critical macrophage activities like nitric oxide production and oxidative burst, contributing to immune response regulation.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay of cytokines in avian innate immunity.
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