Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Network-level disconnectivity tracks poststroke depressive symptom improvement.

Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence assisted detection of large vessel occlusion on CT angiography in acute stroke patients: a multi-reader multi-case study.

BJR artificial intelligence·2026
Same author

No Causal Role for Premotor Cortex in the Perception or Misperception of Degraded Speech: Evidence from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Detection of Large Vessel Occlusions on NCCT: A Multi-Institutional Study.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2025
Same author

The intrinsic connectivity between the default mode and dorsal attention networks is an independent fMRI biomarker of Alzheimer's disease pathology burden.

NeuroImage·2025
Same author

Fretting-Induced Formation of Nanocrystalline CoS<sub><i>x</i></sub> Tribomaterial at the Hip Implant Taper Junction.

ACS applied bio materials·2025
Same journal

A Matter of Parameters: Tailored Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Enhances Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuit Resonance.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Proactive visual and motor prioritization differentially scale with cue reliability.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Yao et al., "Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: L'Episcopo et al., "Plasticity of Subventricular Zone Neuroprogenitors in MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Involves Cross Talk between Inflammatory and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways: Functional Consequences for Neuroprotection and Repair".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

The visual word form system in context.

Zoe V J Woodhead1, Sonia L E Brownsett, Novraj S Dhanjal

  • 1Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. zoe.woodhead06@imperial.ac.uk

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The modular hypothesis of reading is challenged by new findings. Both words and false font activate similar brain pathways, suggesting reading involves interconnected systems, not just serial processing.

More Related Videos

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • The "modular" hypothesis posits reading as a serial, feedforward process originating in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex.
  • An alternative "connectionist" hypothesis suggests reading involves interactions between visual, phonological, and semantic systems.
  • This connectionist model predicts shared neural pathways for word and non-word stimuli like false font.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of the modular versus connectionist hypotheses of reading.
  • To determine if specific neural pathways are exclusively dedicated to orthographic stimuli.
  • To examine the brain's response to familiar orthographic stimuli versus false font arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Functional imaging study utilizing rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of narrative texts and false font arrays.
  • Stimuli were presented in different visual hemifields to assess laterality effects.
  • A "null" baseline condition involved decisions on visually presented numbers.

Main Results:

  • Preferential activity for narratives over false font was observed in the ventral left temporal lobe and superior temporal sulci, independent of hemifield.
  • Activity for both narrative texts and false font was significantly greater than the number baseline.
  • Number-specific activity was localized to the intraparietal sulci, distinct from temporal lobe pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Both words and false font are processed extensively along the same temporal neocortical pathways.
  • These findings contradict a serial, feedforward model of reading.
  • Reading likely involves integrated feedforward and feedback interactions within widespread neural networks.