Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
Published on: October 17, 2025
Tuberous sclerosis complex: neurological, renal and pulmonary manifestations
D N Franz1, J J Bissler, F X McCormack
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. franz@tsdev.org
Abstract:
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an important cause of epilepsy and autism, as well as renal and pulmonary disease in adults and children. Affected individuals are subject to hamartomas in various organ systems which result from constitutive activation of the protein kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). The clinical course, prognosis and appropriate therapy for TSC patients are often different from that for individuals with epilepsy, renal tumors, or interstitial lung disease, from other causes. Additionally, TSC serves as a model for other conditions in which the mTOR pathways are also up-regulated. This article reviews the molecular pathophysiology and management of neurological, renal and pulmonary manifestations of the disorder. The use of mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin and everolimus is discussed and recent clinical trials of these drugs in TSC are reviewed.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

