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Related Concept Videos

Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.The Golgi apparatus is a major sorting and dispatch station for the products of the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
11:05

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 21, 2019

Endosome-to-Golgi transport pathways in physiological processes.

Zi Zhao Lieu1, Paul A Gleeson

  • 1The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Histology and Histopathology
|January 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a crucial cellular hub. Recent studies reveal multiple molecular mechanisms governing retrograde transport pathways, vital for cell function and disease.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 21, 2019

Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: October 17, 2025

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
13:08

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Transport

Background:

  • The trans-Golgi network (TGN) acts as a central hub for cellular transport.
  • Retrograde transport from endosomes to the TGN is critical for recycling membrane proteins involved in cellular and developmental functions.
  • Pathogenic bacteria and viruses utilize retrograde transport pathways for cellular invasion and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding retrograde transport pathways.
  • To highlight the molecular machinery regulating these pathways.
  • To emphasize the physiological significance of retrograde transport.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular cell biology strategies
  • Analysis of protein cargo and membrane trafficking
  • Review of recent scientific literature

Main Results:

  • Identification of multiple distinct retrograde transport pathways.
  • Characterization of unique molecular machinery associated with each pathway.
  • Demonstration of the essential role of these pathways in physiological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Retrograde transport pathways are diverse and regulated by specific molecular components.
  • These pathways are fundamental to normal cellular function.
  • Dysregulation of retrograde transport is implicated in disease pathogenesis.