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Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

Flame Photometry: Lab

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C₂, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

Spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in methane-air diffusion flames.

Abdollah Eslami Majd¹, Atoosa Sadat Arabanian, Reza Massudi

¹Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran, 1983963113.

Applied Spectroscopy

|January 8, 2011

Summary

A novel spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SR-LIBS) setup enhances flame analysis. This technique improves signal quality and spatial resolution, revealing insights into combustion characteristics.

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Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

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Dependence of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Results on Pulse Energies and Timing Parameters Using Soil Simulants

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Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Published on: June 10, 2019

Area of Science:

* Combustion science
* Analytical chemistry
* Spectroscopy

Background:

* Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful analytical technique.
* Analyzing methane-air diffusion flames requires high spatial resolution and signal quality.
* Existing LIBS methods face challenges with background noise and spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

* To introduce and validate a new spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SR-LIBS) setup.
* To analyze methane-air diffusion flames with enhanced precision.
* To quantitatively measure flame properties and spark formation thresholds.

Main Methods:

* Implementation of a novel SR-LIBS configuration.
* Analysis of methane-air diffusion flames at varying flow rates.
* Measurement of local equivalence ratio and secondary combustion region width.
* Determination of threshold energy for spark formation.

Main Results:

* Reduced background continuum emission and up to an eightfold increase in signal-to-background noise ratio.
* Enhanced spatial resolution for flame analysis.
* Quantitative estimation of local equivalence ratio and secondary combustion region width.
* Higher threshold energy for spark formation observed in the secondary combustion region compared to the flame interior.

Conclusions:

* The new SR-LIBS setup significantly improves analytical performance for flame studies.
* The technique provides valuable data for understanding methane-air diffusion flame dynamics.
* Spark formation energy is indicative of flame structure and composition.