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Updated: Jun 5, 2026
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Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
Published on: February 23, 2024
[Tip and torque changes in maxillary buccal segment after orthodontic treatment: a three-dimensional study]
Gui Chen1, Yi-fei Qin, Tian-min Xu
1Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
Summary
Three-dimensional imaging accurately measured orthodontic tooth movement. Non-extraction cases showed premolar tipping and increased buccal crown torque, while extraction cases increased lingual crown torque in upper canines.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Dental Imaging
- Biomechanical Analysis
Background:
- Accurate measurement of tooth movement is crucial in orthodontics.
- Three-dimensional (3D) imaging offers advanced capabilities for analyzing complex tooth rotations and inclinations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate 3D imaging registration and superimposition techniques for quantifying tip and torque changes.
- To assess upper canine, premolar, and first molar movement in extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatments.
Main Methods:
- Digitized pre- and post-treatment dental casts using a 3D spot laser scanner.
- Utilized reverse engineering software for 3D image registration and superimposition.
- Measured tip and torque of specific teeth using the facial axis of the clinical crown (FACC).
Main Results:
- Non-extraction: Second premolar tip decreased by 1.5°, first and second premolar buccal crown torque increased (5.1° and 4.2°).
- Extraction: Upper canine lingual crown torque increased by 3.8°.
- All results were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- Non-extraction treatment resulted in distal tipping of the upper second premolar and increased buccal crown torque of premolars.
- Extraction treatment led to increased lingual crown torque of the upper canine.
- 3D imaging provides a reliable method for quantifying orthodontic tooth movement.
