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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
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Vaccinations01:51

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Overview
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
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NSW Annual Immunisation Coverage Report, 2009.

Brynley Hull1, Aditi Dey, Deepika Mahajan

  • 1National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance,The Children's Hospital at Westmead. brynleyh@chw.edu.au

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin
|January 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This report establishes baseline immunisation coverage in NSW, Australia, reaching targets for young children but not 5-year-olds. Delayed vaccine uptake affects Aboriginal children, while adult and adolescent vaccination rates show mixed trends.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunisation Science

Background:

  • The Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) provides crucial data for monitoring vaccination trends.
  • Understanding immunisation coverage is vital for maintaining herd immunity and preventing vaccine-preventable diseases.
  • This report serves as the first in an annual series to track immunisation trends in New South Wales (NSW).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document trends in NSW immunisation coverage using ACIR data up to 2009.
  • To assess coverage for childhood, adult (influenza, pneumococcal), and adolescent (HPV, dTpa, varicella) vaccines.
  • To establish baseline data for future comparisons and monitoring of immunisation progress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilised data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR).
  • Incorporated data from the NSW Health Survey and NSW School Immunisation Program.
  • Calculated population coverage measures for various vaccine types and age groups.

Main Results:

  • Immunisation targets met for children at 12 and 24 months, but not at 5 years.
  • Delayed vaccine receipt identified as an issue for vaccines recommended for Aboriginal children.
  • Increasing pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly, though lower than influenza coverage; varied adolescent vaccine coverage.

Conclusions:

  • This analysis provides essential baseline immunisation data for NSW.
  • Future reports can use this baseline to monitor improvements in vaccine coverage.
  • Achieving immunisation at the earliest appropriate age should be a public health priority.