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Related Concept Videos

Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Polymorphic regions affecting human height also control stature in cattle.

Jennie E Pryce1, Ben J Hayes, Sunduimijid Bolormaa

  • 1Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia. jennie.pryce@dpi.vic.gov.au

Genetics
|January 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genes influencing human height were mapped to the bovine genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms near eight genes were linked to cattle stature, suggesting conserved height-controlling genes across mammals.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Mammalian genetics
  • Quantitative trait genetics

Background:

  • Human height is a complex trait influenced by numerous genes.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of stature has implications for both human and animal breeding.
  • Conserved genetic mechanisms across species can reveal fundamental biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify bovine genes homologous to those associated with human height.
  • To investigate the association of these homologous genes with stature in cattle breeds.
  • To explore the potential conservation of height-regulating genes in mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Locating orthologous positions of 55 human height-associated genes on the bovine genome.
  • Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near these orthologous genes.
  • Statistical association analysis between SNPs and cattle stature in Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations.

Main Results:

  • Orthologous locations for 55 human height genes were identified on the bovine genome.
  • Significant associations between SNPs near eight genes and cattle stature were found.
  • These findings highlight potential shared genetic underpinnings of height in mammals.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified candidate genes in cattle that may influence stature, conserved from human height-associated genes.
  • This research suggests a potential role for these genes in regulating mammalian stature.
  • Further investigation into these genes could provide insights into growth mechanisms across species.