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Related Concept Videos

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
08:54

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

Oximate-substituted zirconium alkoxides.

Stefan O Baumann1, Michael Puchberger, Ulrich Schubert

  • 1Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|January 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New zirconium complexes with oximate ligands were synthesized. These dimeric alkoxo oximate derivatives exhibit dynamic behavior in solution and form oxo-alkoxo structures upon exposure to moisture.

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High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

Published on: April 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Zirconium alkoxides are versatile precursors in inorganic synthesis.
  • Oxime derivatives offer unique coordination possibilities.
  • Understanding the reactivity of zirconium complexes is crucial for developing new materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel dimeric alkoxo oximate derivatives of zirconium.
  • To investigate the coordination modes of oximate ligands with zirconium.
  • To explore the structural transformations of zirconium complexes under different conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of zirconium alkoxides (iso-propoxide, butoxide) with various oximes (acetoxime, ethyl methyl ketoxime, cyclohexanone oxime).
  • Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Crystallographic analysis (implied by structural determination).

Main Results:

  • Synthesis of dimeric alkoxo oximate complexes with the general formula [Zr(OiPr)(oximate)₃]₂.
  • Side-on coordination of oximate ligands and bridging alkoxo groups observed.
  • Dynamic behavior of the complexes in solution confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
  • Formation of a tetranuclear oxo-alkoxo zirconium derivative, Zr₄O(OBu)₈(ON=C₆H₁₀)₆, upon exposure to ambient moisture.

Conclusions:

  • Novel dimeric zirconium alkoxo oximate complexes have been successfully synthesized.
  • The coordination chemistry of oximate ligands with zirconium centers is elucidated.
  • The observed dynamic behavior and facile transformation to oxo-alkoxo structures highlight the reactivity of these zirconium complexes.