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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
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Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing
07:07

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Published on: December 13, 2016

Compression-dependent viscoelastic behavior of human cervix tissue.

Ryan J DeWall1, Tomy Varghese, Mark A Kliewer

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.

Ultrasonic Imaging
|January 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study characterized human cervical tissue's viscoelastic properties, finding that precompression and testing frequency significantly impact measurements. Consistent mechanical testing for diagnosing cervical abnormalities requires accounting for these factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Mechanical testing is crucial for developing accurate elasticity-based diagnostic techniques for cervical abnormalities.
  • Understanding the viscoelastic properties of cervical tissue is essential for reliable mechanical testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the viscoelastic properties of human cervical tissue.
  • To investigate the influence of precompressional loads and testing frequencies on tissue mechanics.
  • To establish parameters for consistent mechanical diagnostic tests for cervical abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical testing of human cervical tissue from 13 patients (aged 40-76).
  • Measurement of storage modulus (E') and material damping (tan delta) under varying precompression (1-8%) and frequencies (1-30 Hz).
  • Dynamic compression testing with data normalization.

Main Results:

  • Storage modulus (E') increased with precompression (1-6% at 1 Hz) and significantly increased with higher precompressions (≥4%).
  • Material damping (tan delta) remained relatively constant (~0.35) with precompression changes but increased with frequency (0.35 to 0.45 from 1-30 Hz).
  • Both E' and tan delta showed significant increases with testing frequency (1-30 Hz).

Conclusions:

  • Precompression and testing frequency are critical variables that must be controlled for consistent mechanical measurements of cervical tissue.
  • These findings inform the development of more robust and reliable elasticity-based diagnostic tools for cervical abnormalities.