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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

A digital photographic measurement method for quantifying foot posture: validity, reliability, and descriptive data.

Stephen C Cobb¹, C Roger James, Matthew Hjertstedt

¹Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, USA. cobbsc@uwm.edu

Journal of Athletic Training

|January 11, 2011

Summary

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A digital photographic measurement method (DPMM) offers a valid and reliable tool for assessing foot structure. This technology can help researchers define foot posture groups for future studies on injury risk.

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Abnormal foot posture is linked to lower extremity injury risk, but evidence remains inconclusive.
Inconsistent findings may stem from poor intertester reliability in traditional foot measurement techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the validity and reliability of a digital photographic measurement method (DPMM) for quantifying foot structure.
To assess the reliability of DPMM-quantified foot measures and its concurrent validity against clinical measurement methods (CMMs).
To generate descriptive data for DPMM measures exhibiting moderate to high reliability.

Main Methods:

A descriptive laboratory study involving 159 participants across three groups.
Investigated intratester and intertester reliability of DPMM technology and DPMM-computed structural measures.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Assessed concurrent validity of DPMM against CMMs using mean absolute/percentage errors and intraclass correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

DPMM demonstrated excellent intratester and intertester reliability (ICC=1.0) with minimal errors (≤0.2 mm, ≤0.1°, ≤0.4%).
DPMM-computed arch and navicular indices showed moderate to high reliability (>0.78).
Concurrent validity of DPMM against CMMs was found to be moderate to strong.

Conclusions:

The DPMM is a valid and reliable tool for quantifying foot structure in clinical and research settings.
DPMM and its associated descriptive data can aid in defining participant groups for future research on foot posture, function, and injury risk.