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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Aging impacts isolated lymphoid follicle development and function.

Keely G McDonald1, Matthew R Leach1, Conway Huang2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Immunity & Ageing : I & A
|January 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging alters isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), key structures in mucosal immunity. This study reveals changes in ILF development, cell types, and IgA production, suggesting a role in age-related immune decline.

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Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
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Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
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Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Published on: June 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Aging Research
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Immunosenescence, the decline of immune function with age, increases susceptibility to disease.
  • While systemic immunity is well-studied, the impact of aging on intestinal immunity, particularly isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), is less understood.
  • ILFs are crucial for mucosal immune protection, supporting homeostatic responses like IgA production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenotypic and functional changes in isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in aged mice compared to young mice.
  • To determine how aging affects the development, cellular composition, and immunoglobulin production within ILFs.
  • To assess the contribution of ILF dysfunction to mucosal immunosenescence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of ILFs from young (2-month-old) and aged (2-year-old) mice.
  • Analysis of ILF cellular composition, including B and T lymphocyte populations.
  • Measurement of chemokine expression (CCL20, CXCL13) and immunoglobulin production (IgA).

Main Results:

  • Aged mice exhibited increased ILF numbers and a higher proportion of early-stage cryptopatches (CPs) transforming into ILFs.
  • ILFs in aged mice showed altered cellularity, with fewer B lymphocytes and more T lymphocytes, including a unique CD4+ CD8αα+ population.
  • Despite reduced B cell numbers and lower CCL20/CXCL13 expression, aged ILFs demonstrated increased IgA production, albeit with a skewed immunoglobulin repertoire.

Conclusions:

  • Aging significantly alters the development and cellular makeup of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs).
  • Changes in ILF cellular composition and chemokine expression correlate with altered immunoglobulin production.
  • ILF dysfunction with aging is implicated as a contributing factor to overall mucosal immunosenescence.