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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Problem-Solving: Tuning of a Guitar String01:04

Problem-Solving: Tuning of a Guitar String

In the case of stringed instruments like the guitar, the elastic property that determines the speed of the sound produced is its linear mass density or the mass per unit length. This is simply called the linear density. If the string's linear density is constant along the string, then the linear density is simply the total mass divided by the total length.
The string's wave speed can be regulated by varying the linear density. Tension is the other property that determines the speed of...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation01:24

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical in identifying potential health issues. One key component of this assessment is palpation, a technique healthcare providers use to assess the body for abnormalities. This content explores the method of palpation in evaluating the respiratory tract, focusing on thoracic palpation and tactile fremitus.
Thoracic Palpation
Thoracic palpation detects tenderness, masses, lesions, respiratory excursions, and vocal fremitus. The nurse assesses...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections
06:22

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections

Published on: September 19, 2025

Workshop: tuning the 'cough center'.

J Widdicombe1, M Tatar, G Fontana

  • 1University of London, 116 Pepys Road, London SW20 8NY, UK. JohnWiddicombeJ@aol.com

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|January 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coughing is not a fixed reflex. Various sensory inputs from the nose, lungs, and even the brain can modify cough strength and patterns by tuning the brainstem's cough center.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The 'cough center' in the brainstem is traditionally viewed as a fixed reflex pathway.
  • Understanding how external stimuli influence cough is crucial for managing cough disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms by which afferent inputs modulate the 'cough center'.
  • To investigate how sensory information from various body parts influences cough reflex output.

Main Methods:

  • A workshop discussion synthesizing existing research on cough reflex modulation.
  • Analysis of presentations detailing the effects of nasal, oral, respiratory, cerebral, and somatic inputs on cough.

Main Results:

  • Afferent inputs from multiple sites (nose, lungs, cerebral cortex, etc.) can increase, decrease, or alter cough patterns.
  • Cough modulation results from the interaction of afferent inputs and the sensitization/desensitization of brainstem pathways.
  • The specific cough pattern depends on the type of cough and the timing of sensory input.

Conclusions:

  • Cough is not a stereotyped output; its pattern and strength are dynamically regulated by numerous afferent inputs.
  • The 'cough center' is a tunable network influenced by a wide range of sensory information.