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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Interactive context integration in children? Evidence from an action memory study.

Silvia Mecklenbräuker¹, Melanie C Steffens, Petra Jelenec

¹Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany. mecklen@uni-trier.de

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

|January 11, 2011

Summary

Children as young as six can integrate actions with objects to improve memory. This "enactment effect" relies on attention to context objects for effective memory retrieval.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Memory Research

Background:

Action-object phrases are better remembered when enacted than when learned verbally.
The enactment effect is strongest when objects are present, facilitating interactive context integration.
Interactive context integration uses objects as retrieval cues for enhanced memory recall.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if 6- and 8-year-old children can perform interactive context integration.
To determine the role of attention in interactive context integration in young children.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted with 6- and 8-year-old children.
Participants learned action-object phrases, with conditions varying attention to context objects.
Memory recall was assessed to measure the enactment effect and interactive context integration.

Main Results:

Eight-year-olds demonstrated interactive context integration, which was impaired when attention was diverted from objects.
Six-year-olds also showed evidence of interactive context integration.
The findings indicate that interactive context integration is an attention-based process.

Conclusions:

Even 6-year-olds can utilize incidental context integration through enactment.
Interactive context integration in children is dependent on attentional focus.
This research sheds light on the developmental trajectory of memory encoding strategies.