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Related Concept Videos

What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.While some alleles of a given gene might be observed commonly, other variants...
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...

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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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USING POPULATION GENOMICS TO DETECT SELECTION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS: KEY CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

Paul A Hohenlohe1, Patrick C Phillips, William A Cresko

  • 1Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, U.S.A.

International Journal of Plant Sciences
|January 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Population genomics reveals how natural selection shapes genetic variation across genomes. Choosing appropriate analytical tools is crucial for accurately detecting selection signatures in diverse biological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Natural selection drives genetic variation patterns across individuals, populations, and species.
  • Population genomics offers genome-scale insights into selection, extending beyond model organisms.
  • Detecting selection signatures requires appropriate experimental and analytical tools tailored to specific biological contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the conceptual framework of population genomics.
  • To connect genomic variation patterns with evolutionary processes.
  • To identify key biological factors for studying selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of population genomics principles.
  • Analysis of how different evolutionary timescales (e.g., standing variation, mutation-selection balance, divergence) impact genomic variation.
  • Identification of critical biological considerations for selection studies.

Main Results:

  • Genomic patterns of variation are shaped by natural selection differentially across genomes.
  • The effectiveness of detecting selection depends on the suitability of chosen tools to the biological system and timescale.
  • Conceptual and analytical limitations, rather than data availability, increasingly constrain the understanding of selection in natural populations.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate detection of selection signatures necessitates careful consideration of biological context and appropriate analytical approaches.
  • Advancements in population genomics require the development and application of sophisticated analytical tools for diverse biological systems.
  • Focusing on critical biological factors will enhance the study of natural selection in population genomics research.