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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. However, because inorganic electron donors...
Operon Model01:23

Operon Model

The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...

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Related Experiment Video

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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
12:47

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Published on: January 22, 2018

[Progress in genome-scale metabolic network: a review].

Hui Wang1, Hongwu Ma, Xueming Zhao

  • 1Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|January 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review covers genome-scale metabolic networks, detailing their reconstruction, analysis, and applications in systems biology and metabolic engineering for strain optimization.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Bioinformatics

Context:

  • Dozens of genome-scale metabolic networks (GSNs) are reconstructed using diverse databases.
  • GSNs integrate gene, protein, and metabolite information, validated by experimental data.
  • These networks enable quantitative, system-level investigation of biological components.

Purpose:

  • To review methods for reconstructing, analyzing, and applying GSNs.
  • To discuss the challenges and future perspectives in GSN research.
  • To highlight the utility of GSNs in understanding biological organization and guiding strain optimization.

Summary:

  • Genome-scale metabolic networks are reconstructed from integrated biological data.
  • These networks facilitate system-level analysis of biological interactions.
  • Methods for reconstruction, analysis, and application are evaluated, alongside challenges and future directions.

Impact:

  • Facilitates a deeper understanding of biological system organization.
  • Provides a theoretical basis for metabolic engineering and strain optimization.
  • Guides future research and development in computational systems biology.