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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Immunoglobulin responses at the mucosal interface.

Andrea Cerutti1, Kang Chen, Alejo Chorny

  • 1ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Spain. acerutti@imim.es

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal B cells produce immunoglobulin A (IgA) to protect against pathogens while maintaining balance with beneficial bacteria. This review explores IgA production and the less understood role of mucosal immunoglobulin D (IgD).

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer’s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells
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Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer’s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer’s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells
05:59

Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer’s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Published on: December 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mucosal surfaces host diverse commensal bacteria and are entry points for pathogens.
  • Mucosal B cells secrete immunoglobulins (Ig) to prevent microbial invasion.
  • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most prevalent antibody in secretions, crucial for frontline mucosal immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in cellular interactions and signaling pathways regulating IgA production.
  • To discuss new findings on the regulation and function of mucosal immunoglobulin D (IgD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on mucosal immunity.
  • Analysis of cellular interactions and signaling pathways involved in IgA and IgD production.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial cells play a role in educating the immune system about the microbiota.
  • Epithelial cells instruct B cells to produce IgA for protection and homeostasis.
  • IgA transcytosis across epithelial cells is key to its function.
  • Mucosal IgD remains an enigmatic isotype with emerging research.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IgA production is vital for mucosal defense and homeostasis.
  • Further research into mucosal IgD function is needed to elucidate its role in the antibody repertoire.