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Nutrition and translocation.

J W Alexander1

  • 1Transplantation Division, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early enteral nutrition prevents intestinal atrophy and reduces sepsis risk after injury. Complete diets improve outcomes, while parenteral nutrition and elemental diets worsen mucosal atrophy and bacterial translocation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Surgical Nutrition

Background:

  • Intestinal mucosal atrophy can rapidly follow injury, correlating with severity.
  • This atrophy is linked to bacterial and endotoxin translocation, potentially causing sepsis and organ failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of early enteral feeding on preventing intestinal atrophy and associated complications.
  • To compare the effects of different nutritional strategies on intestinal integrity and bacterial translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on nutritional interventions following various forms of intestinal injury.
  • Analysis of outcomes related to enteral nutrition (complete, elemental), parenteral nutrition, and nutrient supplementation (glutamine, fiber).

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Main Results:

  • Early enteral feeding prevents mucosal atrophy, reduces hypermetabolic response, and decreases septic complications and diarrhea.
  • Complete enteral diets improve outcomes in gamma irradiation and cytotoxic drug-induced injuries.
  • Parenteral nutrition and elemental diets are associated with mucosal atrophy and increased translocation.
  • Glutamine/fiber supplementation shows variable effects on translocation.

Conclusions:

  • Enteral nutrition is crucial in preventing intestinal atrophy and reducing bacterial translocation post-injury.
  • Nutritional strategies significantly influence the incidence and severity of translocation, impacting recovery from critical illness and injury.